VIDEO PROGRAMS

A wide variety of our popular filmstrip
programs and some live action now
available on video for easy presentation.

BOG ECOLOGY & PLANT SUCCESSION VIDEOS
Bogs are temporary, enchanted places of quaking ground and strange plants. Plant succession replaces bare rock and soil with lush vegetation. 2 videos and guides.
EVSS-1075X VIDEOS
$125.00

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SAVE OVER $34.00 ON 2 VIDEO BUNDLE ORDER EV #SS1075X......$125.00
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BOG ECOLOGY Video order #SS-1075V...........$79.95

A comprehensive program that explores the origin and formation of bogs,
common plants and animals, and compares bogs to other types of wetlands. Bog
succession is illustrated by use of diagrams and photographs. 74 frames, cassette and
guide. Slides, video or filmstrip. (Slides order #SS-1075S........$99.95; filmstrip
order #SS-1075F........$49.95.)

CONTENT SAMPLE:

22. The main feature that distinguishes a true acid bog from a fen, or alkaline bog, is
the predominance of a moss of the genus Sphagnum. This moss is usually so abundant that it
forms a floating mat over the surface of the water. Walking on this mat gives one the feeling of
walking on a giant trampoline.

23. Sphagnum is very resistant to decay, which contributes to the acidity of the
bog. Its sponge-like character allows it to absorb and hold tremendous amounts of water. As a
result, the water level of bogs may not fluctuate as much as might be expected. The
temperature of bogs is usually cooler than that of the surrounding area because of the insulating
properties of the Sphagnum mat. Various nonwoody plants, shrubs and trees become rooted in
the Sphagnum mat, giving it great strength and resiliency.
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PRIMARY ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Video order #SS-1080V..........$79.95

An illustrated explanation of basic concepts of primary succession: the pioneer
community; tolerant vs. intolerant species; stabilization; stratification and the climax
community. Concise overview followed by classic, specific examples of succession--on
bare rock, on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan, on the outer banks of North Carolina--all
explored in detail. 72 frames, cassette and guide. Video, slides or filmstrip. (Slides
order #SS-1080S........$99.95; filmstrip order #SS-1080F.......$44.95.)

CONTENT SAMPLE:

13. Succession is the gradual and continuous replacement of plant and animal
species by other species until eventually the community, as a whole, is replaced by another type
of community. It is a gradual change, and it is the organisms present which bring about this
change.

14. When the process of succession begins on a site not previously occupied by
other communities, it is called primary succession. Newly formed sand dunes and bare rock
surfaces are examples of such sites.

15. Secondary succession, on the other hand, begins on a site from which a
previous community has been removed. It may take place on an abandoned farm field or
following a forest fire. Before we see some specific examples of succession, we will follow a
generalized sequence of events and point out some of the important features of the process.
Keep in mind that not all of these stages necessarily occur in a given situation.

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RELATED PROGRAMS WORTH NOTING
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EXPLORING FRESHWATER COMMUNITIES--CD-ROM Order #CDR-1550.........$99.95
Lab Pack of 5 Order #CDR-1551.........$199.95

Combined IBM/MAC Format

This indispensable interactive CD-ROM is a complete resource for studying
freshwater biomes.

It provides a fascinating survey of the ecology of swamps, bogs, marshes,
wetlands, streams, ponds, lakes and the Everglades. There is even an introduction to
fish restoration and water pollution.

It also explores the various organisms commonly found associated with these
waters--fish, plankton, protozoa, aquatic insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds and plants,
and emphasizes their special adaptations, feeding habits and the complex interactions
among them.

This program is an instant curriculum-oriented encyclopedia, augmented with
printable diagrams and illustrations, superb photographs, video clips, informative text, lab
activities, and a Protists Culture Database--all on one CD-ROM.

The extensive library of illustrations and diagrams supplements those found in
textbooks.

The Protist Culture Database makes it easy to find over 125 protist genera, and
iIncludes morphologic characteristics, culture parameters and media formulations.

Printable lab activities and laboratory activity tips at the end of each section
help make your ecology labs and field trips more successful than ever before.

Recommended for use with popular biology texts such as Holt: Modern Biology,
Chapter 49, and Prentice Hall: Biology, Chapter 47.

CONTENT SAMPLE:

There are four major types of wetlands: marsh, swamp, fen and bog. Exact classification
is not always possible, since characteristics of more than one type often occur together. In fact,
wetland ecologists sometimes disagree on exactly what these names mean. Before looking at a
bog, in detail, let's briefly consider these four types of wetlands.

A marsh is defined as a wet, open, grassy area with a fluctuating, but always shallow,
water level. The water is either standing or slowly moving. The substratum, or bottom, consists
of mineral soils with or without organic matter.

Both dissolved oxygen and mineral nutrients in the water are present in ample supply.
As a result, marshes can support an abundance of living organisms. Dominant vegetation in
marshes consists of rushes, reeds, reedgrasses, and numerous floating and, in areas of open
water, submerged aquatic plants.

Trees and shrubs are present only near the edges and on small islands of land within the
marsh.

The Everglades region of Florida is a well-known wetland primarily marsh in character.

Copyright (c) MCMXCVI
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ECOLOGY OF A BOG Order #109.......$42.50

Describes the formation and maintenance of a typical bog environment, its
special characteristics and problems, and surveys typical bog flora and fauna. Coverage
includes why bogs "quake," marsh marigold, sphagnum moss, insectivorous plants,
sedges, larch, spruce, cranberry, Labrador tea, buckbean, three species of orchid,
salamander, wood frog, vole, jumping mouse and endangered bog turtle. 20 slides and
detailed guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 27232 Showy lady's slipper (Cypripedium reginae) is one of the
best-known and most familiar of our bog orchids. Veteran bog-trotters affectionately refer to it as
the "big pink and white.' It is the official state flower of Minnesota.

Showy lady's slipper grows best in open areas between tamaracks or white cedars.
Often it is common just within the tree line surrounding so many bogs. It is intolerant of heavy
shade and usually fails to bloom under such conditions. It may continue to produce a single,
spindly leaf for some years after being shaded out and can recover to bloom again if the trees are
thinned. This plant prefers neutral or limy soils and is rarely found on sphagnum.

Showy lady's slipper frequently bears two, or even three flowers per plant, each formed
at the base of a leaf-like bract. The lip of the lady's slipper is modified into a pouch which
somewhat resembles an inflated slipper, and is much different in appearance from that of other
orchid species.

REVIEWS: "We would like to compliment you on a very informative and
educationally vital collection..." W.R.T., President, Paludiological Society, Clifton Park, N.Y.
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ECOLOGY OF A SWAMP #122 Order #122........$42.50

An introduction to the ecosystem of the Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia. A
photographic exploration of the world of millions of singing creatures--insects, reptiles,
amphibians, birds--and a garden of spectacular flower displays. Text details the
significant and unusual characteristics of the animals and plants presented and provides
insights into their valuable and unique wetland biome. 20 slides and detailed guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 20961 Despite fire and logging, there are still 400 year old bald
cypresses in the swamp, some over 36 m (120 ft.) tall. Few trees can match its value for lumber,
for the wood is light, straight-grained, durable, resistant to warping, and practically decay-proof.

Its wide, flaring base gives it a low center of gravity and, with its widespread root system,
helps stabilize it in its shifting, watery substrate. The roots throw up protuberances, commonly
called "knees," but more formally known as pneumatophores, which project above the water
surface. They look like supporting buttresses and are thought to be a means whereby additional
oxygen is supplied to the submerged roots.

REVIEWS: "...a very good program..." J.R.E. Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge.
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GLACIER BAY--AN EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY SUCCESSION Order #263........$42.50

The Glacier Bay, Alaska, area was ice covered until recently and presents an
unparalleled example of the development of a plant community on a bare inorganic
substrate, where all the stages of a primary succession can be observed. 2O slides and
detailed guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 21789 In the normal course of advancing succession at Glacier
Bay, after the willows, alder invades and the soil begins to change very rapidly in pH and nutrient
content. The marble component of the parent rock made the original soil pH above 8.0. Other
vegetation reduces the pH to 7.6 in 20 years, but alder reduces it to 6.0 in the same period of
time. Nitrogen and organic carbon increase rapidly under any vegetation, but since alder has
symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its root nodules, it causes a truly spectacular increase in
soil nitrogen. The isolated alder seen here will eventually be part of a thick grove dominated by
alders. Spruce seedlings will then establish themselves in the rich soil and shade made by the
alders.

REVIEWS: "...well executed...useful not only to a botany teacher but also to geography
and geology teachers. Recommended." Previews. "Good for high school natural science and
botany studies." Booklist.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF PLANT SUCCESSION Order #261.....$42.50

Living plants alter their environment, making room and creating proper soil
conditions for other plants, which in turn make changes allowing for still other plants to
take hold. Plant succession in ponds, fields, forests and swamps is illustrated, as well
as the climax stages of different seres. An excellent tool for teaching an otherwise
difficult concept. 2O slides and detailed guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 21391 As more debris falls into the pond or is washed in from the
shore, and the depth of water diminishes, a bog may develop if drainage is blocked or inadequate.
Bogs are characterized by cushion-like vegetation and an accumulation of peat. Because of this
peat, bog water is low in nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, conditions which allow for the
growth of certain carnivorous plants, such as pitcher plants and sundews.

Where there is adequate drainage, a marsh is likely to develop. Typically, marsh plants
have thicker root systems which intertwine as more and more debris piles up, until the soil
actually begins to rise above the ground water level. As the organic debris is now exposed to the
air, it begins to decompose more rapidly, supplying an abundance of nutrients to the soil. This
allows the shrub community to develop. The transpiration of the shrubs dissipates more water
into the air, further lowering the water table. The soil may then be dry enough for some plants of
the surrounding forest community to begin to grow.
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~1050-045~ Mature bog. graphic by Educational Images Ltd.

Copyright (c) MCMXCVII Educational Images Ltd., Elmira, NY,USA. All rights reserved.

EDUCATIONAL IMAGES LTD.

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