OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE SCIENCE

An extensive series utilizing many multiple
images to present a comprehensive and
integrated approach to the total spectrum
of marine biology and oceanography. Solid
science wonderfully detailed!

HARVESTING THE SEA
Cultivating and harvesting the riches of the sea for man's use. 2 programs. 40 slides, 1 cassette and 2 guides.
EP #474X SLIDES
$74.95

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SAVE OVER $17.00 ON 2 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #474X......$74.95
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FISHERIES & MARICULTURE Slides order #SS-0795S......$49.95

Presents a scientific view of fishing, how fish finding has changed, and how the
industry is predicted to evolve in the future. Discusses the nutritional value of fish and
fish byproducts. The increasing viability of mariculture, particularly in conjunction with
sewage disposal, is considered. 20 frames, cassette and guide. (Filmstrip order
SS-0795F....$15.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 8. The rapid increase in the world catch is more a reflection of
more efficient methods of fish finding and processing than of fundamental changes in fishing gear
itself. Four general types of fishing gear (illustrated at upper left) have accounted for most of the
world catch since the beginning of this century. Three of these methods involve netting fish and
the fourth employs a long line of hooks.

Drift-netting or gill-netting involves laying out a vertical wall of netting with meshes just
large enough for a fish's head to be caught by the opercula covering its gills. This method is
employed principally for herring and is most productive at night. Several miles of netting are
played out to form a continuous vertical wall that hangs between 10 and 60 ft below the surface.

Trawling presently accounts for more than 30 percent of the annual world catch. A large
conical net is towed through the water or along the sea floor. A pair of lateral otter boards extend
the mouth of the net and fish accumulate in the closely-woven tapered mesh. Some modern
otter-trawls are 100 feet wide. Both pelagic and demersal fish are caught.

Purse seining or ring-netting, involves surrounding a school of fish with a wall of
fine-mesh netting and then concentrating the catch by hauling in the net. A scoop-net is then
used to haul the catch aboard the mother vessel. Purse seines are increasingly used to capture
small schooling planktivores such as herring, sardines and anchovies. In the photograph at lower
left, fishermen seine salmon in Alaskan waters. At right, the massive nets used by large modern
tuna seiners are hauled out for repairs.

Long-lining captures large pelagic fish such as tuna and bonito as well as demersal fish
such as cod and halibut. In this technique a long line is laid out which at intervals bears lateral
leaders with baited hooks. Modern Japanese vessels can lay down and recover more than 50
miles of such lines per day.
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FARMING THE SEA Slides order #474.....$42.50

Surveys the status of raising a crop from the sea. Covers the cultivation of a
variety of marine creatures suitable for rearing, harvesting and marketing: oysters,
abalones, mussels, shrimps, lobsters, yellowtails, and other marine animals. Text
provides up-to-date information on the potentials of mariculture, techniques of growing
marine resources, and problems. 20 slides and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 24321 Growing seafoods of high value has been of major
interest in mariculture. Highly prized as delicacies, lobsters bring the highest price of any
seafood and have been artificially cultivated successfully. Hatcheries have focused their
attention primarily on the clawed American lobster, Homarus americanus (top), in the United
States, and H. vulgaris in Europe. The spiny lobster, Panulirus (bottom), has been cultivated
mostly experimentally in Australia and Japan.

In spite of the high demand for lobster, several farming problems not usually encountered
in the production of other marine invertebrates have had some affect on their suitability for
mariculture. One of the disadvantages of commercially cultivating lobsters is their relatively slow
growth rate. It may take over five years for most species to reach a marketable size of 250 mm
(about 10 in.). Another problem is the cannibalistic nature of lobsters held in captivity.
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~0263-060~ Clam and mussel shells. photo by Charles R. Belinky, Ph.D.

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