OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE SCIENCE

An extensive series utilizing many multiple
images to present a comprehensive and
integrated approach to the total spectrum
of marine biology and oceanography. Solid
science wonderfully detailed!

ADDITIONAL MARINE INVERTEBRATES
Surveys the myriad marine invertebrates found throughout the world ocean, from the smallest zooplankton to the largest mollusc.5 pgms.100 slides, detailed texts.
EP #448X SLIDES
$149.95

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SAVE $45.00 ON 5 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #448X........$149.95
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MARINE INVERTEBRATES Slides order #SS-1040S..........$49.95

Of the 26 animal phyla, every major classification has marine representatives.
This program discusses several familiar and many less familiar marine invertebrates on a
phyletic basis: sponges, coelenterates, ctenophores, platyhelminths, nemertines,
polychaets, molluscs, pelecypods, arthropods, bryozoans, echinoderms, etc. 20 frames,
cassette and guide. (Filmstrip order SS-1040F......$15.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 1. Life is thought to have evolved in shallow seas some two or
three billion years ago; the salt content of protoplasm is approximately that of seawater and the
earliest fossils found (prokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae) are just over three billion years
old. The marine ancestry of life is also reflected in the diversity of organisms that inhabit the
modern ocean. Considering the animal kingdom one finds that every major phylum has marine
representatives; about one-third of the twenty-six or so animal phyla are found only in the ocean.

The animal phyla are somewhat arbitrarily subdivided according to the possession or
lack of a backbone. Actually the vertebrates (to which we, of course, belong) comprise less than
five per cent of the known animal species. The vast majority of animals are invertebrates.
Invertebrates dominate the plankton and the benthos of the ocean. A few marine invertebrates
such as squid are free swimming, but most pelagic animals are vertebrates, most notably fish.

Shown (from left to right and from top to bottom) are some familiar marine invertebrates:
sea anemone, coral, starfish and sea urchins, tunicate and sponges, giant clam, nudibranch,
“feather-duster" polychaetes, hermit crab and a colonial hydroid.
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SUBTIDAL MARINE INVERTEBRATES OF NORTH AMERICA Order #447X........$72.50

Informative underwater photos give a colorful look at marine subtidal inverte-
brates in their natural habitats. Texts describe the phyla and the individual animals.
Illustrates and describes such creatures as sponges, jellyfish, anemones, polychaetes,
snails, limpets, abalone, nudibranchs, scallops, octopus, barnacles, crabs, shrimp,
starfish, urchins, brittlestars, tunicates etc. 40 slides and 2 guides. (Combined sets $447
and #448.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 20565 Myxicola, a common lab polycheate, lives in a soft
membranous tube inserted in the sand or in kelp holdfasts. Like the sabellid worms, they do not
cement their tubes to a hard substrate and are thus not restricted to rocky areas. This species
ranges from northern California to Puget Sound, but the genus has a broad global distribution.
Polycheates are ubiquitous, occurring from the supralittoral to abyssal depths and from the
tropics to the poles. The greatest diversity of polycheates is found in tropical reefs. They also
occur in large numbers in sand to muddy bottoms where they may be the most common
organism.

Myxicola and other tube-dwelling polycheates are bilaterally symmetric with secondarily
simplified body segments and specialized head segments. They feed with tentacle-like radioles
which are often pinnate (having small, opposing projections). Cilia on the radioles drive water
through the “V”-shaped crown where diatoms and small detrital materials are sieved and passed
down to the mouth.

This polycheate is particularly fast. A simplified nerve system constructed of giant
axons or nerve cells conveys nerve messages through this polycheate one hundred times faster
than messages flow through our own nervous systems. The large size of these nerve cells has
made them especially interesting to scientists who have learned a great deal about the functions
of nerve cells from this unlikely organism. The head and radioles are also equipped with
sensitive light and pressure receptors which allow this animal to sense very small changes both
in light intensity and in current velocity. In this way it senses its predators in time to pull
swiftly back into the comparative safety of its tube.

REVIEWS: "The quality of each slide is outstanding...definitely recommended for
academic high school and college level biology classes." Previews. "....most impressive..."
E.H.M., Biology Dept. Elmhurst College. "...attractive and informative..." Choice.
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TIDAL AND SUBTIDAL MARINE LIFE OF NEW ENGLAND Order #459X ..........$72.50

An introduction to the colorful and diverse marine community inhabiting the cold
waters of New England. Striking underwater photographs capture these unusual tidal and
subtidal organisms in their natural habitat and illustrate the characteristics and adap-
tions necessary for survival in this environment of extremes. A comprehensive text
complements the slides with detailed information about the morphology and lifestyle of
each species pictured 40 slides and 2 guides. (Combined sets #459 and #460.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 21186 The American lobster (Homarus americanus) was once the
most common large crustacean along the coast of New England. As the popularity and price of
lobster meat has steadily risen over the years, its population has declined, and lobsters are no
longer frequently seen in the intertidal zones. This dark green, blue and red arthropod has ten
thoracic legs, four pairs of walking legs, and a pair of giant claws. A lethargic animal, the lobster
is given to inhabiting well-protected crevices during the day and emerging at night to scavenge for
food. Lobsters grow very slowly, shedding their shells some 25 to 30 times in the five to seven
years it takes them to achieve legal size. Lobsters become sluggish in very cold water, and during
winter generally are seen only at substantial depths. When the waters warm in the spring,
lobsters become active in deep waters (which warm first) and then in mid-summer in shallow
waters. When surprised or challenged, lobsters raise their claws in a threatening manner and then
retreat rapidly backwards by means of a flip of their powerful abdominal tail. Though the lobster
has a strong protective shell, it avoids rocky surf lines to avoid being swept into the rocks.

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RELATED PROGRAMS WORTH NOTING
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PART I: SPONGES, ANEMONES, CORALS AND FLATWORMS---CD-ROM
Order #CDR-1319....$49.95
Lab Pack of 5 Order #CDR-1319-5....$149.95

40-minute multimedia Presentation -:- Easy going narration with hundreds of interactive links
Very extensive supplemental information (over 23,000 words!)
400+ Color Photos, many full-screen, all can be copied and printed, even in color
100 interactive Questions with Explanations, and automatic Quizzes
Customized electronic Glossary -:- Additional Free Dictionary and Encyclopedia

In easily understandable terms, this first program surveying the Animal Kingdom highlights the
marvelous diversity of life on earth and introduced the concept of taxonomic classification which
brings order to the immense variety of living things.

By surveying the protozoa and parazoa and introducing the most primitive metazoans, this
eye-opening program presents the transition from simple unicellular animals, to colonial forms, to
complex multicellular creatures.

An easy going, highly informative interactive narrative linked to a very extensive supplemental text
provides easily accessible, near encyclopedic information about every animal—right at the user’s
fingertips! Additional interactive features access over 50 questions with explanations, automatic
quizzes and a customized glossary.

Photographic coverage includes volvox, euglenas, amoebas, ciliates, numerous sponges,
Cnidaria, nematocysts, anemonies, jellyfish, hydras, man-of-war, corals, flatworms, tapeworms,
round worms, rotifers, bryozoans and brachiopods. Most animals were photographed live.
Scientific names are provided.

Included free on this disk, greatly enhancing its value as a reference tool, are Webster’s New
World Dictionary (Third College Edition) featuring more than 150,000 entries and the American
Concise Encyclopedia with more than 15,000 entries and original source documents.
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PART II: MOLLUSCS, SEGMENTED WORMS AND MINOR PHYLA---CD-ROM
Order #CDR-1320…...$49.95
Lab Pack of 5 Order #CDR-1320-5....$149.95

40-minute multimedia Presentation -:- Easy going narration with hundreds of interactive links
Very extensive supplemental information (over 15,000 words!)
600+ Color Photos, many full-screen, all can be copied and printed, even in color
90+ interactive Questions with Explanations, and automatic Quizzes
Customized electronic Glossary -:- Additional Free Dictionary and Encyclopedia

The phylum Mollusca appears to consist of an odd assemblage of animals, yet all have the same
basic body plan. Next to the arthropods, molluscs are the most abundant species of
invertebrates. Estimates of the number of living species range up to 130,000. Because of their
great abundance and the durability of their shells, molluscs have always played a significant role
in human society, not only as food, but as tools and utensils, in ornaments and jewelry, in art,
mythology and religion, and even as currency.

An easy going, highly informative interactive narrative linked to a very extensive supplemental text
provides easily accessible, near encyclopedic information about every animal—right at the user’s
fingertips! Additional interactive features access over 90 questions with explanations, automatic
quizzes and a customized glossary.

This program presents detailed coverage of such molluscs as chitons, abalones, limpets, cowries,
periwinkles, conches, cones, whelks, murexes, nudibranchs, sea hares, land snails, slugs,
bivalves, octopuses, nautiluses and squids; segmented worms such as featherduster, myxicola,
earthworm and leech; and tardigrades or waterbears. Animals were photographed live, and
scientific names are provided.

Included free on this disk, greatly enhancing its value as a reference tool, are Webster’s New
World Dictionary (Third College Edition) featuring more than 150,000 entries and the American
Concise Encyclopedia with more than 15,000 entries and original source documents.
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ZOOPLANKTON Slides order #SS-1035S.........$42.50

A plankton community features representatives from almost every group of
marine animals. This study considers the types of permanent plankton, or holoplankton,
along with several categories of meroplankton. The permanent plankton spend entire
lives drifting in sunlit surface waters, while other organisms exist in the planktonic state
for only a portion of their life cycles. 15 frames, cassette and guide. (Filmstrip order
SS-1035F.....$15.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 10. After the copepods, the most abundant types of crustaceans
in the permanent plankton are the euphausiacea. Euphausids are somewhat larger than cope-
pods, varying in length from one to two inches, with shrimp-like bodies. Well-developed abdominal
appendages are used for swimming. Filter-feeding forms have long setae on their thoracic
appendages that form a funnel-shaped net. Diatoms and/or zooplankton are trapped in this filter
basket as the euphausid swims forward. Other euphausids are raptorial feeders that actively
pursue arrow worms and other large prey. The thoracic setae of these forms are poorly developed
but their elongated third thoracic appendages are armed with pincers.

Euphausids are found at all depths of the water column. Many populations are com-
ponents of deep scattering layers that undergo diurnal vertical migrations, rising to forage in the
productive surface waters after sunset and then sinking by sunrise to the aphotic zone. Others
reside entirely among the surface plankton. Shown here is Euphausia superba, a two-inch polar
form that is the chief food of many baleen whales. These euphausids are known as "krill" to
mariners. They feed on diatoms, and in Antarctic waters during the December to March bloom
euphausids transform some 3,500 square miles of surface waters into a milky, reddish-tinted
"soup."
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~0263-009~ Keyhole limpet. photo by Charles R. Belinky, Ph.D.

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