ZOOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS

The prolific use of detailed artwork intro-
duces the many worlds of zoological
science and the classifications that syste-
matize its diversity. Discounts of 25% or
more on bundled sets.

ORIGIN OF LIFE & BASIC PROCESSES
Fills a gap in available teaching aids need- to review fundamental processes: Origin of Life, Biological Rhythms, Sexual & Asexual Reproduction, Symbiosis.5 pgms. 75 slides.
EPSS-1115X SLIDES
$129.95

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SAVE OVER $40.00 ON 5 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #SS-1115X.....$129.95
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THE ORIGINS OF LIFE Slides order #SS-1115S .......$42.50

The origin of life on earth is viewed as comprising three sequential stages of
evolution: inorganic, organic, and biochemical. This theory is supported by modern
experimental attempts to recreate the pathways of chemical evolution, searches through
early Precambrian rocks for microfossils, and exploration for evidence of extraterrestrial
chemical and biological evolution. 2O frames & guide. (Filmstrip SS-1115F......$15.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 3. The nineteenth century brought a growing awareness among
scientists of the historical continuity of life. In 1838 the German biologists Schleiden and
Schwann proposed the theory that all living organisms are composed of cells. This cell theory,
as it is called, has (with some minor qualifications) become a cornerstone of modern biology.

The implications of the cell theory were expanded in 1865 by the German scientist
Virchow, who proposed that “omnis cellula e cellula” -- that new cells arise only from preexisting
cells. This pronouncement introduced the notion of history to the study of life, for it implied that
all living organisms must be direct descendants of more ancient ancestors. This growing
realization sounded the death knell for the concept of spontaneous generation.

In 1859 Darwin attacked another long-held theory of biology--the immutability of
species. In The Origin of Species by Natural Selection he presented the fruits of a lifetime’s
careful observation of plants and animals from around the world. Darwin maintained that
considerable individual variation exists between members of a species, and that some variants
will have a greater chance than others of surviving in any given environment. As a result of this
continual struggle for existence enough variations may accumulate in the course of many, many
generations that a new species may arise. Evolution may be likened to a fireworks rocket in
which the burning fragments from the initial explosion explode in turn, sending out more
streamers. Each population of animals and plants has the potential to radiate into new species.
Once the theory of evolution was proposed, a search began to retrace the radiating paths of life
back to its central, original source.
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BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS Slides order #SS-0495S ........$42.50

An exposition of circadian rhythms, including experimental results of how they
can be altered by environmental manipulation. 2O frames and guide. (Filmstrip order
SS-0495F........$15.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 5. An example of diurnal periodicity in aquatic habitats is the
vertical migration of zooplankton which occurs in both oceans and lakes. There organisms move
toward the surface during the night and downward during daytime.
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REPRODUCTION: ASEXUAL & SEXUAL Slides order #SS-0142X........$42.50

Color slides and artwork illustrating the underlying mechanisms of these
phenomena in plants and animals. 2O frames and guides. (Filmstrip (2) order
SS-0143X.......$25.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 6. Intracellular events that take place during asexual reproduction
are called mitosis. During mitosis genetic material (DNA) condenses and doubles. As the cell
divides, each daughter cell receives genetic material that is identical (assuming no mutations) to
that of the parent cell. Thus there is little variation in characteristics from generation to generation.
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SYMBIOSIS Slides order # SS-0475S.........$42.50

A survey of commensalism, mutualism and parasitism, including interesting
facts about the symbionts themselves. Coverage includes coral reef animals, lichens,
termites, barnacles, roundworms and trichinella. 15 frames, cassette and guide.
(Filmstrip order SS-0475F ..........$29.95.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 1. A very significant and crucial ingredient of every organism’s
environment is the presence of other species. Interspecific relationships may be cooperative,
competitive, predatory or symbiotic. Symbiosis, the subject we are concerned with here, is a
broad term that covers any close association between two or more members of different species.
Translated literally from its Greek origins, the term symbiosis simply means living together.

Some of the most spectacular examples of symbiotic relationships can be found in the
tropical coral reefs. Corals are sessile colonial coelenterates, related to sea anemones and
jellyfish. Each individual within the colony secretes a calcareous exoskeleton that, together with
the same from every other neighbor, makes up the hard structural framework of the reef.

All reef-building corals are associated with a chlorophyll-containing unicellular algae
called zooxanthellae. The algae live inside the gastrodermal cells of the coral polyps. These
endosymbionts transport some of their photosynthetic products to their host and in return are
provided with a place to live and probably receive nitrogenous metabolites from the coelenterate
as well. It has also been indicated that these algae are necessary for calcification of the
exoskeletons of the coral polyps.

Other symbiotic relationships that can be found within the coral reef community are the
anemones with their respective resident anemone fish that are immune to the stinging cells of
their host’s tentacles. These symbionts bring food into their private tentacle jungle and while
protected from predators, inevitably drop a few scraps of food to their landlord.
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~0260-020~ Barnacles. (Balanus sp.) photo by Charles R. Belinky, Ph.D.

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