ZOOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS

The prolific use of detailed artwork intro-
duces the many worlds of zoological
science and the classifications that syste-
matize its diversity. Discounts of 25% or
more on bundled sets.

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
An introductory survey of the major divi- sions of the animal kingdom. 3 programs. 60 slides of live animals, many showing multiple images. Extensive guides.
EP #484X SLIDES
$99.95

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SAVE OVER $27.00 ON 3 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #484X.........$99.95
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THE ANIMAL KINGDOM SLIDE SERIES

These three slide sets provide an introductory survey of the major divisions of
animal life and their characteristics. Representatives of each phylum listed are illustrated
by full color photographs (almost all taken live) selected to demonstrate the diversity of
form existing within and across phyla. Numerous multiple image frames aid comparisons.
Each set is a complete, independent unit and may be purchased and used separately.
Each set contains 20 slides and detailed guide. Entire series consists of 60 slides and
3 guides.
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PART I Slime molds, protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, flatworms,
nematodes and rotifers, moss animals, lamp shells, molluscs and segmented worms.
Order #484..........$42.50

CONTENT SAMPLE: 23384 One would hardly think of the lowly earthworm (Lumbricus
terrestris) as a highly developed creature. Yet this animal represents the phylum Annelida, which
has developed a complex body structure with several advantages over previous forms. First, these
worms have segments, each with four pairs of bristles called setae. Setae give the animal
purchase against burrow walls and greatly facilitate movement; they also make it difficult to pull
worms from the ground. Second, because of the complex muscles required to move and
coordinate the setae, annelid worms developed a set of segmental nerves, directed by a central
brain. To supply all the segments with nutrition and oxygen, a closed system of blood vessels
evolved, with five aortic arches to pump blood. Finally, the digestive system became enclosed
and protected by a diaphragm-like membrane. These structures make the segmented worms
efficient feeders.

They are efficient, too, at reproduction—all earthworms are hermaphroditic, and can
cross-fertilize with any other worm of the same species. Earthworms mate on the soil surface with
their heads pointed in opposite directions. They pass sperm to their partner's sperm receptacles
through slime with which they have covered each other. The worms then separate. Later, the
clitellum (a swollen, yellowish, glandular band of skin) secretes a mucous ring which slides
forward gathering several eggs from the oviducts and sperm from the receptacles. Fertilization
occurs and the ring slips off the worm, closing at both ends to form a capsule. In about two
weeks, one or two worms hatch from the capsule, or cocoon.

It is estimated that an acre of good soil contains 63,000 earthworms and that the worms
deposit approximately 18 tons of castings each year. Worms eat decaying organic matter,
generally by eating the soil containing it, then deposit the bulk of the soil as wastes, called
castings, upon the ground. These castings contain partially digested material that enriches the
soil. Common earthworms grow to about 25 cm. Giant Australian earthworms (Drawida sp.)
grow to a length of 3 m and a diameter of 2.5 cm.

Darwin was among the first of the modern scientists to recognize the great value of
earthworms and the role they played in churning the soil. Over a period of many years he
watched how surface rocks in a field were gradually buried as earthworms mined the ground
beneath them and threw up their castings.
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PART II Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, spiders and allies) and
echinoderms (starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber). Order #485.......$42.50

CONTENT SAMPLE: 23402 These two horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are
members of the Merostomata class of arthropods. They are primitive animals that are almost
the same today as fossil forms dating from the Silurian period. Horseshoe crabs are covered
with a flattened, hard cuticle bearing a pair of compound eyes. Underneath, there are six pairs of
jointed limbs. The long tail is used to push the animal into the mud or to turn itself over if it is
inverted.

These crabs are mating, after which the female will bury and leave her eggs in the sand.
Free-swimming larvae soon hatch, becoming adult in form through successive molts. Horseshoe
crabs are omnivorous, feeding on animal and plant material on the sea floor. They are common
along marine shores, Large numbers are presently being used for scientific research on vision
and blood chemistry.
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PART III Chordates (tunicates) and vertebrates (fish, amphibians,
reptiles, birds, mammals). Order #486..........$42.50

CONTENT SAMPLE: 23414 The earliest warm-blooded vertebrate animals were prob-
ably the birds, class Aves. Birds have many reptilian features: scales on their feet and legs, and
beaks and claws that are similar in form to the mouths of turtles and the claws of reptiles. The
most obvious distinguishing characteristic of birds, however, is feathers--dermal structures formed,
like hair, fur and scales, of a protein called keratin. Though some birds, like this Australian
cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) are flightless, all birds have wings. In the cassowary and other
flightless birds, the wings are rudimentary and the legs and feet are well-developed for running.
Bird beaks have evolved into a great variety of forms from the thin, probing beaks of curlews and
woodcock to the tearing beaks of hawks and vultures, depending on the type of food consumed.

REVIEWS: “...a richly detailed, accurate and informative educational experience...
slide quality is superb. Photography is technically excellent, and the variety of animal life shown
is exciting and informative.” Media Review. “...thorough...fine sets for junior and senior high
school science.” Booklist.

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Refer to CD-ROM and VIDEO sections for very extensive presentations on this topic.
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THE COMPLETE SURVEY OF THE INVERTEBRATES (4 CD-ROM BUNDLE)
Order #CDR-1319X……$174.95
THE COMPLETE SURVEY OF THE VERTEBRATES (6 CD-ROM BUNDLE)
Order #CDR-1323X......$274.95


THE COMPLETE SURVEY OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM (10 CD-ROM BUNDLE)
Order #CDR-1328X......$399.95
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EXPLORING ANIMAL LIFE CD-ROM Order # CDR-1560.......... $99.95
Lab Pack of 5 Order #CDR-1561.........$199.95

Combined IBM/MAC Format

EXPLORING ANIMAL LIFE is both a curriculum oriented presentation and an
instant encyclopedia, filled with superb photographs, informative text, exciting video clips,
printable diagrams and illustrations, and lab activities--all on one CD-ROM!

This multimedia program provides a fascinating survey of the major divisions of
animal life and their characteristics: Sponges, molluscs, insects, arthropods, fish,
reptiles, birds and mammals are fully presented in the order in which you teach them.

The text, video and sound brings topics to life, helping students understand the
similarities and differences of each group.

Gives students instant access to an extensive library of animal illustrations and
diagrams to supplement their textbooks.

At the end of each section are over 40 printable laboratory activities and tips to
help make your labs and fieldtrips more successful than ever before. Recommended for
use with such popular texts as Holt: Modern Biology Unit 7; Prentice Hall: Biology, Unit
8; and Merrill: Biology, Dynamics of Life, Unit 8.

CONTENT SAMPLE:

The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is unique in being the only ungulate which possesses
four apparent horns—two small ones on the forehead and a pair of larger ones farther back on the
head. Moreover, giraffe horns, unlike those of bovids, lack a horny sheath. Instead, skin and
hair cover the ossicones. Nevertheless, they are true horns. In fact, it is known that the horns of
the giraffids and bovids are homologous (have arisen from the same primitive origins), and are
quite different from those of the cervid family or the pronghorn antelope. While they no longer
pierce the skin of an opponent, the blunt, knobby, skin-covered horns of the giraffe are able to
wound it seriously, because of the great weight and force which an adult giraffe can exert when
swinging his head and horns in attack.

Despite the fact that giraffes are the tallest living mammals, their necks have only the
usual seven vertebrae. Giraffes may be 3.5 m high at the shoulders. They feed almost entirely
on the leaves of tall trees, reaching as much as 5.5 m above the ground. They are able to go
without drinking water for many weeks. The giraffe is a good example of a highly specialized
animal, well-suited to its own natural environment.

Giraffes are shy, timid, naturally silent and inoffensive creatures which once ranged over
the greater part of the African continent south of the Sahara. They prefer dry habitats—
savannahs, plains and open wooded areas—where food is abundant. Giraffes are browsers and
feed almost exclusively on acacia, mimosa and wild apricots. Their exceedingly long necks
allow them to reach high into the trees for succulent leaves, and their tongues and prehensile,
hairy lips aid in plucking the leaves.

Like bovids, giraffes are ruminants. They usually feed in the evenings and early
mornings, then rest and chew their cuds during the heat of the day. They can go without water
for weeks at a time, but will drink freely if it is available. In order to drink, they must spread
their front legs wide apart and lower their heads to the water. It is at this time, when their heads
are lowered, that they are most vulnerable to attacks by lions and leopards, which, besides man,
are their principal predators.

Giraffes are gregarious and usually associate in small herds or family groups of 12 to 15
animals, including one adult male, several cows with calves, and a number of juveniles. Juvenile
males are allowed to remain with the group until they become old enough to compete with the
adult male. Then they are banished.

Giraffes have some of the keenest senses of the animal world: Their sense of smell and
hearing are acute, and they have the sharpest eyesight of all the large African herbivores.
Females are more cautious than males. When alarmed, the entire herd can lope off at speeds of
up to 50 km/h. When they run they have a rolling gait, produced because both legs on one side
move together, unlike the running movements of most animals.

Copyright (c) MCMXCVI
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~0260-007~ Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). photo by Charles R. Belinky, Ph.D.

Copyright (c) MCMXCVII Educational Images Ltd., Elmira, NY, USA. All rights reserved.

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