FISH, AMPHIBIANS and REPTILES

The first steps up the vertebrate ladder!
Aquatic vertebrates (fish) and the first to
transition from water to land (amphibians
and reptiles), able to free themselves from
water by developing amniotic eggs.

FISH: THEIR NATURE AND BEHAVIOR
Fishes make up more than 40% of the ver- tebrates. The over 27,000 known species exhibit great diversity in size, shape and adaptation. 3 pgms. 60 slides and guides.
EPSS-0700X SLIDES
$99.95

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SAVE OVER $35.00 ON 3 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #SS-0700X........$99.95
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INTRODUCTION TO FISHES Order #SS-0700S........$49.95

A carefully done series of graphics surveys the external and internal anatomy of
a typical fish, fish reproduction and development, scales, color patterns, sound
production, ancient species and systematics. 25 slides and extensive guide. (Filmstrip
order SS-0700F........$15.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 11. The brain may be divided into three regions: the forebrain,
composed of the cerebral hemispheres and the thalamus; the midbrain and the hindbrain, made
up of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.

The medulla is an extension of the spinal cord and receives motor and sensory nerves
from the skin and special organs of the neck and head. In addition the medulla regulates
involuntary functions such as heartbeat and respiration. In most fishes the centers of taste are
also located in the vagal lobes of the medulla. The cerebellum lies above the medulla and
controls posture and equilibrium as well as receiving the sensory impulses from the ears and
lateral line system.

The midbrain developed as the primary visual center. The gray matter of the midbrain
roof (tectum) not only receives sensory input from the eyes but also coordinates information from
other parts of the brain and thus acts as the overall integrator of behavior.
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FISHES AND THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Order #446..........$42.50

Among the bony fishes, of which there are 25,000 or more species, there is
tremendous diversity of morphology, coloration, defensive armament, life style, habitat
preference, feeding pattern, symbiotic relationships, etc. This set introduces the concept
of diversity among fishes, details its adaptive significance, and presents a number of
examples: Included are deviations from fusiform body shape, examples of aposematic
coloration, variations in mouth shape and placement, and such unusual attributes as
poisonous or locking spines and slashing, knife-like weaponry. 20 slides and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 20554 Another mouth type is the upward-directed or superior
mouth borne by this arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) of the fresh waters of South America.
A surface feeder which spends most of its time cruising within a few feet of the surface, the
arawana is quite predaceous. However, while food items which appear above it may be savagely
attacked, those below it are frequently ignored.

The superior mouth is found in many groups of surface feeders, including the killifishes,
the gouramis and the unusual surface dweller, the four-eyed-fish or Anableps.

REVIEWS: “...colorful slides with excellent text...” Previews. “...very informative.”
L.M., Marine Education Specialist. UNC Sea Grant College Program.
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MARINE FISH Order #SS-1045S........$42.50

The characteristics distinguishing fishes into four classes are examined. Fishes
are the most abundant group of vertebrates, with about 30,000 described species. This
programs serves particularly well to expand understanding of early vertebrate evolution.
15 frames, cassette and guide. (Filmstrip order SS-1045F .........$20.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 6. Class Osteichthyes, the bony fishes, is subdivided into
two subclasses: Sarcopterygii (flesh-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes).
Sarcopterygians have fins with internal bony skeletons and fleshy exteriors; the fins of
actinopterygians are support by many soft or hard fin rays. The ray-finned fishes are the most
abundant and familiar of the modern osteichthyes.

The flesh-finned fishes are subdivided into two main groups: the lobe-finned fishes
(superorder Crossopterygii) and the lung fishes (superorder Dipnoi). The evolution of both groups
is marked by adaptations of their pectoral and pelvic fins into primitive walking organs and the
conversion of the swim bladder into an air-breathing lung.

The lobe-finned fishes are known chiefly from their fossil record. Two orders are
recognized: Osteolepiformes and Coelacanthiformes. Osteolepids were freshwater forms that
gave rise to the ancestral amphibians that first invaded terrestrial habitats during the late
Devonian Period. Osteolepids have been extinct since the Permian Period. The coelacanths were
also thought to be extinct until 1938, when a living coelacanth was hauled up from deep marine
waters off Madagascar. Several more of these living fossils have since been caught (lower right);
all belong to the genus Latimeria.

Lungfishes survive today in shallow fresh waters in Africa, South America and southern
Australia. Lungfishes have swim bladders that open into the lower side of the foregut. They
swim up to the surface of the water and swallow air into their swim bladder. Up to 95% of their
respiratory oxygen may be acquired in this manner. Lungfishes eat aquatic plants and small
invertebrates. Some are adapted to withstand seasonal droughts. As their freshwater pools dry
up, these fish dig into the bottom mud and await the rainy season in a quiescent, air-breathing
state.

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RELATED PROGRAMS WORTH NOTING
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PART I: UROCHORDATES AND CRANIATA (VERTEBRATA)--THROUGH FISH---CD-ROM
Order #CDR-1323....... $49.95
Lab Pack of 5 Order #CDR-1323-5....... $149.95

40-minute multimedia Presentation -:-Easy going narration with hundreds of interactive links
Very extensive supplemental information (over 25,000 words!)
400+ Color Photos, many full-screen, all can be copied and printed, even in color
90+ interactive Questions with Explanations, and automatic Quizzes
Customized electronic Glossary -:- Additional Free Dictionary and Encyclopedia

This informative 40-minute multimedia presentation traces the evolutionary transition from
urochordates to fishes, the first true vertebrates, and provides extensive coverage of the modern
bony fishes. It introduces the subphylums Urochordata and Cephalochordata (the tunicates and
lancelets which have vertebrate characteristics for only part of their life cycles), then explores the
three classes of fish: jawless fish such as the lamprey (this is the class to which the first
vertebrates belong); cartilaginous fish, the sharks and rays; and bony fish, the most highly evolved
and diverse class of fishes.

An easy going, highly informative interactive narrative linked to an extensive supplemental text
provides easily accessible, near encyclopedic information about every animal—right at the user’s
fingertips! Additional interactive features access over 90 questions with explanations, automatic
quizzes and a customized glossary.

Individual species examined include tunicate, lamprey, hagfish, sharks, rays, paddlefish,
sturgeon, tarpon, moray, gar, bowfin, shad, trout, salmon, pike, pickerel, muskellunge, electric
eel, piranha, goldfish, catfish, cod, molly, seahorse, scorpionfish, mullet, bass, dolphinfish,
barracuda, remora, puffer, coelacanth, lungfish, and many more. 400+ pictures in all.

The presentation provides scientific names and describes habitat, diet and unusual physical and
behavioral characteristics of the selected species. Even includes an examination of the rare and
unusual coelacanth, a lobe-finned fish thought to share a common ancestry with the first
terrestrial vertebrates.

Included free on this disk, greatly enhancing its value as a reference tool, are Webster’s New
World Dictionary (Third College Edition) featuring more than 150,000 entries and the American
Concise Encyclopedia with more than 15,000 entries and original source documents.
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~0410-024~ Arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum). photo by William R. Kenney.

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