FISH, AMPHIBIANS and REPTILES

The first steps up the vertebrate ladder!
Aquatic vertebrates (fish) and the first to
transition from water to land (amphibians
and reptiles), able to free themselves from
water by developing amniotic eggs.

INTRODUCTION TO AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES
Details of the anatomical similarities, diff- erences and relationships between these two class of poikilothermic vertebrates. 40 detailed graphics, comprehensive texts.
EPSS-0690X SLIDES
$72.50

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SAVE OVER $12.00 ON 2 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #SS-0690X........$72.50
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INTRODUCTION TO AMPHIBIANS Order #SS-0690S .......$42.50

A unique presentation about a favorite and interesting group of vertebrates.
Skillful artwork is used to examines a number of biological facets, including syste-
matics, regeneration, reproduction, foods and feeding and anatomy. 2O slides and
extensive guide. (Filmstrip order SS-0690F........$15.00.)

CONTENT SAMPLE: 1. Amphibians, in a sense, are intermediate between the com-
pletely aquatic fishes and the mostly terrestrial reptiles. The obvious feature separating fish from
amphibians is the presence of limbs in amphibians. The crucial distinction between amphibians
and reptiles is the nature of their eggs. Amphibian eggs are anamniotic and lack a protective
coat. Therefore they must be deposited in wet surroundings or they soon dry up. Reptilian eggs,
on the other hand, possess an outer shell and develop three embryonic membranes (the amnion,
chorion and allantois). This allowed the reptiles to inhabit dry land whereas amphibians are
forever confined to a dual existence, air-breathing adults that must return to water to breed. Aside
from the difference in eggs, the development of amphibians includes an aquatic larval stage
followed by metamorphosis to the adult. In contrast, reptiles hatch as small versions of the adult,
without a larval stage.
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INTRODUCTION TO REPTILES Order #SS-0685S.......$42.50

One of the most interesting, yet least-known classes of vertebrates, although
many are kept for pets. The anatomy and basic biology of the four living orders, snakes,
lizards, turtles and crocodilians, are examined through detailed art-work. Turtle
anatomy, the feeding mechanisms of snakes, and contrasts between crocodiles and
alligators are considered. 2O slides and extensive guide. (Filmstrip order SS-0685F....
$15.00.)


CONTENT SAMPLE: 9. The reptilian heart is three-chambered, except in the croco-
dilians which possess the first four-chambered heart of the vertebrates. The right and left atria are
completely separate in all reptiles. Varying degrees of ventricular separation are found among the
reptilian hearts, from virtually no septum in some lizards to total partitioning in the crocodilians.

Non-oxygenated blood is carried to the sinus venosus from the posterior vena cava and
two anterior venae cavae (from the head and forelimbs) and then into the right aortic arch which
becomes the dorsal aorta. Incomplete ventricular septa mean that the blood entering the right
aortic arch is a mixture of oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood. The dorsal aorta supplies the
numerous renal arteries as well as the arteries to the gonads. It continues posteriorly forming
the iliac (hind-limb) arteries and the caudal (tail) artery.

Venous blood from the hind limbs and tail may return to the heart through the renal
portal vein and then the posterior vena cava or by entering the abdominal veins which flow through
the hepatic portal system, the hepatic vein and then to the vena cava. The jugular veins of the
head and the subclavian (forelimb) veins return blood to the heart via the sinus venosus, formed
by the junction of the posterior vena cava and the anterior venae cavae (also called the common
cardinals).

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RELATED PROGRAMS WORTH NOTING
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PART II: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES---CD-ROM
Order #CDR-1324…...... $49.95
Lab Pack of 5 Order #CDR-1324-5....... $149.95

40-minute multimedia Presentation -:- Easy going narration with hundreds of interactive links
Very extensive supplemental information (over 30,000 words!)
400+ Color Photos, many full-screen, all can be copied and printed, even in color
90+ interactive Questions with Explanations, and automatic Quizzes
Customized electronic Glossary -:- Additional Free Dictionary and Encyclopedia

A 40-minute multimedia presentation providing a comprehensive introduction to the world’s
amphibians and reptiles. These range from the spring peeper, whose evening chorus is a
welcome harbinger of spring in the North East; to the sinister African mamba, whose venomous
bite brings death in minutes; and to the lumbering giant tortoises of the enchanted Galapagos
Islands, some of which were alive when Darwin stepped ashore.

An easy going, highly informative interactive narrative linked to a very extensive supplemental text
provides easily accessible, near encyclopedic information about every animal—right at the user’s
fingertips! Additional interactive features access over 90 questions with explanations, automatic
quizzes and a customized glossary.

In-depth coverage is provided of the three amphibian orders (Gymnophiona or Apoda, caecilians;
Anura, frogs and toads; Urodela, newts and salamanders), and the four reptile orders
(Rhynchocephalia, tuataras; Chelonia, tortoises and turtles; Squamata, snakes; and Crocodilia,
crocodiles and alligators). Numerous individual animals are pictured, scientific names are
provided, along with interesting facts about location, habitat, behavior, reproduction, diet,
threatened or endangered status, etc. In addition, poikilothermic temperature regulation is
described in detail, as is the larval stages, respiration, reproduction, significance of amniotic eggs,
evolution and adaptation.

Animals portrayed include salamanders, newts, frogs, toads, turtles, tortoises, boas, pythons,
coral snakes, African mambas, cobras, rattlesnakes, tropical banded sea snakes, geckos,
chameleons, iguanas, gila monsters, tuataras, alligators, crocodiles, Komodo dragons, and even
the thorny devil or Moloch from Australia. 400+ pictures in all.

Included free on this disk, greatly enhancing its value as a reference tool, are Webster’s New
World Dictionary (Third College Edition) featuring more than 150,000 entries and the American
Concise Encyclopedia with more than 15,000 entries and original source documents.
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0685c4~1 Turtle anatomy. graphic by Educational Images Ltd.

Copyright (c) MCMXCVII Educational Images Ltd., Elmira, NY, USA. All rights reserved.

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