FISH, AMPHIBIANS and REPTILES

The first steps up the vertebrate ladder!
Aquatic vertebrates (fish) and the first to
transition from water to land (amphibians
and reptiles), able to free themselves from
water by developing amniotic eggs.

FROGS, TOADS and TREEFROGS
An intensive, scholarly review of the major North American families of these wide spread, frequently encountered amphib- ians. 3 pgms. 60 slides, and guides.
EP #442X SLIDES
$99.95

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SAVE OVER $27.00 ON 3 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #442X........$99.95
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FROGS OF NORTH AMERICA Order #442..........$42.50

A survey of North American frogs with emphasis on the Ranidae or true frog
family. Illustrates 12 ranid species and illuminates the leopard frog (Rana pipiens)
complex in North America. Range, habitat, call, life history and breeding behavior are
discussed. Developmental sequence from egg through tadpole to adult form. Two
species of narrow-mouths, two chorus frog species, the burrowing treefrog (Pternohyla)
and greenhouse frog also presented. 20 slides and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 20154 The call of the carpenter frog (Rana virgatipes) is often
likened to the blows of a hammer hitting a nail. Large choruses of these frogs are said to
resemble a group of carpenters all hammering away, hence the common name. It is also called
the “sphagnum frog” because it is often found in sphagnum bogs, amid the matted vegetation, or
in dense grass growing in the water. In coloration, this frog blends well with the acid,
brown-stained waters of bogs.

Carpenter frogs occur all along the eastern Coastal Plain from New Jersey to Georgia.
They breed from April through August, producing egg masses of 200 to 600 black and
cream-colored eggs. The young overwinter as tadpoles and metamorphose to adult form in early
spring.
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TOADS OF NORTH AMERICA Order #443..........$42.50

Representatives of both the true toads, family Bufonidae, and the spadefoots,
family Pelobatidae, are illustrated. Range, habitat, life history, feeding and breeding
behavior are discussed. Growth and development of the toad from egg to tadpole and
through transformation to adult is illustrated with the American toad (Bufo americanus).
More than 15 Bufo species and 5 species of Scephiopus are included. Often, subspecies
are pictured separately. 20 slides and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 20370 All breeding male toads develop thick, dark-colored
nuptial pads on their thumbs and inner fingers prior to breeding season. These rough pads help
the males cling to the body of the female during mating, as shown here. Male toads are generally
smaller than females. They mount and embrace the female in this characteristic fashion, and
fertilize the female’s eggs externally, as they are laid.

American toads breed in shaded pools with even temperature, in ditches or in shallow
portions of streams. Breeding season generally extends from April through July, but may be
somewhat later at higher altitudes and latitudes, where it is cooler. In general, toads in the
northern parts of North America breed only once. In the South, they may breed at almost any
time during the year. Spring and summer mating usually take place following rain.
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THE TREE FROG FAMILY IN NORTH AMERICA Order #444.......$42.50

Includes representatives of the three most well-recognized genera within the
hylid family; Hyla, the treefrogs; Acris, the cricket frogs; and Pseudacris, the chorus
frogs. Emphasis is on the special adaptations of the tiny arboreal species to life in the
trees. Their extremely variable coloration and patterning is illustrated. Range, habitat,
call and behavior are described. Growth and development are detailed for the mountain
chorus frog. 20 slides and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 20414 Though it is rarely seen, the pine barrens treefrog (Hyla
andersoni) is one of the most beautiful and vividly colored of all frogs. Stout, with a broad head
and smooth skin, it is easy to identify by the broad plum-colored stripe bordered with white which
runs along its side. But the lateral stripe is not the only vibrant coloring on this frog; though its
back is uniformly green, the underparts of its legs are often bright orange.

The pine barrens treefrog is found from the New Jersey Pine Barrens south to South
Carolina. Isolated populations also exist in Georgia and northern Florida. As its name implies,
pine barrens, white cedar swamps and bogs where the soil is quite acid form its most suitable
habitat.

Pine barrens treefrogs breed in late spring in New Jersey and from April through July in
the Carolinas. They breed in pools, around which many often gather and sing together. The
chorusing starts just before sundown, and the treefrogs often return night after night to the same
area. Their voice is nasal, fairly low in pitch and not audible for any great distance. Their call is
uttered more slowly on cool nights, more quickly on warm ones.

Female pine barrens treefrogs lay their eggs singly, attached to vegetation or to the
bottom of their breeding pool. The eggs, usually 800 to 1,000 in number, are dark brown and
creamy white in color.
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~0214-43~ Pine Barrens treefrog (Hyla andersoni). photo by John R. MacGregor.

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