BOTANY

Numerous programs covering the world of
botany from the microscopic algae to the
tallest redwood and oldest bristlecone.End-
less fascinating information for the scientist
& amature. GREATLY REDUCED PRICES!

PLANT SUCCESSION
How barren areas gradually change from bare sand or rock to lush vegetation and tall trees over time, thanks to pioneer plants. 4 pgms. 132 slides and guides.
EPSS-1080X SLIDES
$174.95

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SAVE OVER $52.00 ON 4 SLIDE SET SLIDE BUNDLE ORDER EP #SS-1080X......$174.95
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PRIMARY ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Slides order #SS-1080.....$99.95

An illustrated explanation of basic concepts of primary succession: the pioneer
community; tolerant vs. intolerant species; stabilization; stratification and the climax
community. Concise overview followed by classic, specific examples of succession--on
bare rock, on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan, on the outer banks of North Carolina--all
explored in detail. 72 frames, cassette and guide. Video, slides or filmstrip. (Video order
#SS-1080V.....$79.95; filmstrip order #SS-1080F....$44.95)

CONTENT SAMPLE:

13. Succession is the gradual and continuous replacement of plant and animal species
by other species until eventually the community, as a whole, is replaced by another type of com-
munity. It is a gradual change, and it is the organisms present which bring about this change.

14. When the process of succession begins on a site not previously occupied by other
communities, it is called primary succession. Newly formed sand dunes and bare rock surfaces
are examples of such sites.
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GLACIER BAY--AN EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY SUCCESSION Order #263........$42.50

The Glacier Bay, Alaska, area was ice covered until recently and presents an
unparalleled example of the development of a plant community on a bare inorganic
substrate, where all the stages of a primary succession can be observed. 2O slides and
detailed guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 21789 In the normal course of advancing succession at Glacier
Bay, after the willows, alder invades and the soil begins to change very rapidly in pH and nutrient
content. The marble component of the parent rock made the original soil pH above 8.0. Other
vegetation reduces the pH to 7.6 in 20 years, but alder reduces it to 6.0 in the same period of
time. Nitrogen and organic carbon increase rapidly under any vegetation, but since alder has
symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its root nodules, it causes a truly spectacular increase in
soil nitrogen. The isolated alder seen here will eventually be part of a thick grove dominated by
alders. Spruce seedlings will then establish themselves in the rich soil and shade made by the
alders.

REVIEWS: "...well executed...useful not only to a botany teacher but also to geography
and geology teachers. Recommended." Previews. "Good for high school natural science and
botany studies." Booklist.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF PLANT SUCCESSION Order #261.....$42.50

Living plants alter their environment, making room and creating proper soil
conditions for other plants, which in turn make changes allowing for still other plants to
take hold. Plant succession in ponds, fields, forests and swamps is illustrated, as well
as the climax stages of different seres. An excellent tool for teaching an otherwise
difficult concept. 2O slides and detailed guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 21391 As more debris falls into the pond or is washed in from the
shore, and the depth of water diminishes, a bog may develop if drainage is blocked or inadequate.
Bogs are characterized by cushion-like vegetation and an accumulation of peat. Because of this
peat, bog water is low in nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, conditions which allow for the
growth of certain carnivorous plants, such as pitcher plants and sundews.

Where there is adequate drainage, a marsh is likely to develop. Typically, marsh plants
have thicker root systems which intertwine as more and more debris piles up, until the soil
actually begins to rise above the ground water level. As the organic debris is now exposed to the
air, it begins to decompose more rapidly, supplying an abundance of nutrients to the soil. This
allows the shrub community to develop. The transpiration of the shrubs dissipates more water
into the air, further lowering the water table. The soil may then be dry enough for some plants of
the surrounding forest community to begin to grow.
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THE DECIDUOUS FOREST--TALL GRASS PRAIRIE ECOTONE Order #124....$42.50

A detailed, comprehensive presentation of the edge area where tall grass prairie
and deciduous forest have met and interpenetrated. The original conditions of this unique
habitat are detailed, as well as the changes that have occurred through the agency of
man. Illustrations include deciduous trees, shrubs, grasses, wildflowers, moths, birds
and mammals typical of this habitat. 20 slides and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 21152 The disappearance of the wolf eventually had an impact on
two related species, the red fox (Vulpes fulva) shown here and the coyote (Canis latrans). Both
being high order consumers, they easily moved into the niche left vacant by the destruction of the
wolf. Both are adaptable and quite capable of exploiting several habitats, including grassland and
open forest. Where there was once tall grass prairie along with oaks and hickories, today there is
more often than not pasture, cropland and perhaps a second growth woodlot, and the place of the
wolf has been taken by the red fox.

In less crowded areas, where greater open spaces still occur, the coyote has prospered
and has come to fill the niche once occupied by the wolf. The coyote has also inherited the full
force of man’s venom, however, and is under constant attack--man seems determined to
exterminate this predator also.

The passing of the elk and wolf from the ecotone is synonymous with the shrinking of
the ecotone itself. Except where natural conditions have discouraged settlement, or where
government has established protected areas, the ecotone no longer exists as it once did.

Most of the region was settled more than 100 years ago. The prairie was cultivated and
the original trees cut. Factors such as wild fires which influenced the very existence of the
ecotone have been eliminated, altering the forest edge association. While there are still forest
patches along the historical forest-prairie boundaries, there are extremely few prairies, and the
forests are almost entirely second- and third growth trees, not necessarily reflecting either
placement, density or species type that characterized the original forest cover. Most of the
region where tall grasses and deciduous trees waged their relentless war of dominance is now
used for agriculture and residential developments.

Changing conditions have changed the nature of the ecotone. Perhaps in time and
under more favorable circumstances a newer ecotonal zone will establish itself in a form more
nearly similar to that which has passed.

REVIEWS: "...the slides are all very well done, and the text contains a great deal of
good background information about each slide and valuable introductory comments.
Recommended." Previews.
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~1050-008~ Marsh diversity. Photo by Steve Susman.

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