BOTANY

Numerous programs covering the world of
botany from the microscopic algae to the
tallest redwood and oldest bristlecone.End-
less fascinating information for the scientist
& amature. GREATLY REDUCED PRICES!

BRISTLECONE PINES & OTHER CONIFERS
Learn how earth's oldest living things man- age to survive. Comprehensive coverage of native & exotic North American conifers. 5 pgms,100 slides, texts. 30% DISCOUNT!
EP #245X SLIDES
$129.95

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SAVE OVER $57.00 ON 5 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #254X.........$129.95
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BRISTLECONE PINES: WORLD'S OLDEST LIVING THINGS Order #254......$42.50

Describes the life history, morphology and special adaptations to a highly
adverse habitat (the White Mountains of Nevada) of these picturesque, gnarled
Methuselah’s. Shows how they are adapted to the environmental extremes of altitude,
cold and dryness, and discusses how extreme age is a consequence of their way of life,
some having lived almost 5,000 years. 2O slides and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 21514 The high-altitude habitat of bristlecone pines presents
them with a number of challenges. Since temperature drops 3° C (5.5° F.) for every 300 m (1,000
ft.) rise in altitude, it is below freezing in the White Mountains for much of the year and the
growing season lasts only three short months. Even during summer nights, temperatures
frequently drop below freezing because the high, thin air cannot hold the day’s warmth, and
without cloud cover to act as a reflector, heat is rapidly radiated back into space.

The bristlecone pines meet these challenges by becoming dormant during the winter
except for a small amount of respiration. But when summer arrives, these pines are able to grow
and produce and store food for the following winter, all within a short warm period. During the rest
of the year, they simply bide their time.

REVIEWS: "...a rare and unusual treat. This look at the world's oldest known living
organism is done with style and visual acumen, clarity and superior detail...well written and easy
to follow.... Recommended." Previews.
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CONIFER COLLECTION Order #255X........$72.50

Conifers are among the world's most commercially significant trees, and
include some of the largest trees as well. They cover the northern part of North
America, northern Europe and northern Asia. These programs differentiate conifers
from broadleafed, evergreen from deciduous trees. Pictured are white, pitch, Scotch,
ponderosa, whitebark, lodgepole, pinyon and Caribbean pines; redwood and bald
cypress; white, black, Colorado blue, Englemann and red spruce; spruce gall; tamarack;
hemlock; Douglas fir; balsam fir; Rocky Mountain juniper; common juniper; eastern red
cedar, and white cedar. (2 slide sets) 4O slides, 2 guides.

CONTENT SAMPLE: Introduction: The coniferous forest of the taiga zone was huge,
dark and lush long before man ever knew of it. This is the northern forest shown on many plant
distribution maps. It has a short growing season surrounded by low temperatures that last well
into the summer and return early in fall. In its northernmost areas the conifers are joined by birch
and willows. Further south, where climate is less harsh, many beautiful hardwood trees mingle
with the dark conifers.

This huge expanse of pines, spruces, firs, hemlocks, and larch, growing often in nearly
pure stands, was irresistible to the loggers and lumber industry. As early as the 1600’s extensive
logging began in the white pine forests of the East and moved gradually westward, leaving
desolate havoc behind. Gradually the forest has come back where the land is not used for
farming, but it has yet to recover its virgin magnificence.
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CONIFERS OF CALIFORNIA Order #259X..............$72.50

Rich in detailed information about each tree's preferred habitat, range,
reproductive requirements, characteristics and economic importance. Includes
bristlecone pine, sugar pine, western white pine, Coulter pine, digger pine, knobcone
pine, ponderosa pine, Jeffery pine, lodgepole pine, pinyon pine, Sitka spruce, mountain
hemlock, Douglas fir, bigcone spruce, white fir, red fir, coast redwood, giant sequoia,
incense cedar, Monterey cypress, Italian cypress, McNab cypress, juniper and birch.
(2 slide sets) 40 slides and two detailed guides.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 20669 The cone of the knobcone pine ( top), is contrasted here
with the cone of the digger pine (bottom).

Knobcone cones tend to be grouped into clusters which encircle the stems, looking like
clumps of hand grenades held flat against the branches. The cone itself is basically conical in
shape, with its tapered end always facing backward towards the main trunk. On closer exam-
ination, the cone can be seen to be asymmetrical, with the surface facing the branch being
quite flat or concave, and the outer surface convexly curved. The outer scales at the broad end
are quite large, each forming a thick, protruding pyramidal-shaped knob with an incurved prickle
on the tip. The common name, knobcone, comes from these broadly pointed, armor-like scales
near the base of the cone.
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~1874-058~ Acid snow on white pine, N.Y. photo by Charles R. Belinky, Ph.D.

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