BOTANY

Numerous programs covering the world of
botany from the microscopic algae to the
tallest redwood and oldest bristlecone.End-
less fascinating information for the scientist
& amature. GREATLY REDUCED PRICES!

LICHENS, MOSS and CLUBMOSS, FERNS
Introduces these unusual primitive plants and details their biological, historic and economic significance. 4 programs, 80 slides and texts. 37% DISCOUNT!
EP #227X SLIDES
$99.95

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SAVE OVER $57.00 ON 4 SLIDE SET BUNDLE ORDER EP #227X.........$99.95
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LICHENS Slides order #227 ..............$42.50

Classification, distribution, mode of living and ecological significance of common
lichens is presented. Pictures include boulder, shield, Oakes shield, puffed shield, rock
tripe, fleece, shore, crustose, snakeskin, stud, British soldiers, brown mane, funnel and
pink earth lichens. 2O slides and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: Introduction: Lichens are some of the most unique plants on
earth. They are not one plant but two, although you cannot separate the two parts with your eye.
Each lichen is part algae and part fungus, and each needs the other to live. The fungus holds on
tightly to the surface on which the lichen grows. It also absorbs the water and minerals for the
lichen. Scientific investigation has shown that the fungus plays the slightly stronger role of the two
plants and protects the algae from intense light. The algae portion takes the raw materials and
manufactures food for the whole organism, because it has the chlorophyll necessary for
photosynthesis. These two plants living so closely together exhibit what is called symbiosis. This
means each contributes something to the welfare of the other, and neither lives separately. Only
certain kinds of algae and fungi join in this way. Most live separate lives.
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MOSSES AND CLUBMOSSES Slides order #226 ............$42.50

Characteristics, reproduction, economic history and conservation problems of
mosses, clubmosses, and such nonmosses as reindeer and Spanish "moss." 2O slides
and guide.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 27249 Sphagnum (top) is one of the peat mosses, water loving
plants of considerable economic importance. It grows worldwide in boggy areas of the Northern
Hemisphere. In old, largely filled-in ponds, sphagnum moss grows inward from the edges,
covering the remaining water and forming a so-called "quaking bog." The bodies of men and
animals that have fallen through the moss layer and drowned have been preserved for hundreds of
years in the layers of peat that form on the bottom of these bogs, as old plants die and sink while
new ones grow above. Peat from old bogs is used in Northern Europe and Ireland as fireplace
fuel and is said to give Scotch whiskey its distinctive flavor.

Under a microscope (bottom), the large pores of sphagnum moss are readily seen. These
give it a tremendous ability to hold water. Sold in dried and compressed bales to gardeners, peat
moss is used widely as a soil conditioner and to retain moisture.
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FERNS AND FERN FIDDLEHEADS Slides order #228X ..........$72.50

Common ferns and their habitats are pictured, many with spore cases. Detailed
text presents interesting information, also illustrates a number of fiddleheads of Eastern
ferns. Contents: fern fiddleheads; wood, interrupted, cinnamon, marsh, Massachusetts,
leather, shield, sword, maidenhair, sensitive, royal, serpent, resurrection and bracken
ferns; and sweet-fern. (2 slide sets) 4O slides and 2 guides.

CONTENT SAMPLE: 10142 Most of the ferns you are acquainted with grow between
two to three feet tall. They usually grow in partial shade--many cannot live at all in full sun. Most
prefer areas that are moist much of the time. Most prefer soil that is somewhat acid (as oppose to
alkaline) in composition. Most are not evergreen, but die back in winter and arise again in spring
from their underground stems called rhizomes.

11156 Most ferns start the year with fiddleheads. Fiddleheads appear in spring. They are
tight rolls containing the fully formed leaves of the fern. As the season progresses, they unfurl into
the beautiful fronds that are familiar to you. The fiddleheads of many species of ferns are
occasionally used for food.
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~1050-047~ Sphagnum moss or peat moss (Sphagnum sp.). photo by John R. MacGregor.

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